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ABSTRACT Introduction: The most significant reasons for the frequent ankle injuries in soccer players are the great rivalry and the multiple efforts required by the sport. Objective: Explore the actual scenario of sports injuries in the ankle joint in soccer players, raising adequate prevention strategies. Methods: 22 professional soccer players were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. A controlled experiment lastingsix6 weeks was developed. The experimental group added complementary ankle training in the daily training, while the control group had no changes, according to the usual training plan. Rear (PL) and frontal (AT) balance indexes, functional movement assessment (FMS,) and ankle injury cause (CAI) were collected, analyzed, and compared before and after the intervention. Results: After training, the experimental group's PL score increased from 106.81±5.33 to 117.69±6.44; AT score increased from 61.94±6.17 to 70.36±5.37; CAI score increased from 22.33±3.58 to 25.38±3.18. Total FMS test score increased from 15.36±1.38 to 18.84±1.99, with trunk flexions standing out (from 2.10±0.43 to 2.57±0.37). On the other hand, the changes in the control group were not statistically significant. Conclusion: The presented complementary ankle training effectively prevented injuries in soccer players and can be applied to reduce sports complications in players in training. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.
RESUMO Introdução: As razões mais significativas para as frequentes lesões no tornozelo em jogadores de futebol são a grande rivalidade e os múltiplos esforços requisitados pelo esporte. Objetivo: Explorar o quadro atual das lesões esportivas na articulação do tornozelo em jogadores de futebol, levantando estratégias de prevenção adequadas. Métodos: Um total de 22 jogadores profissionais de futebol foram divididos aleatoriamente em grupo experimental e de controle. Um experimento controlado com duração de 6 semanas foi desenvolvido. No treinamento diário, o grupo experimental acrescentou um treinamento complementar do tornozelo, enquanto o grupo de controle não teve alterações, de acordo com o plano de treinamento habitual. Foram coletados, analisados e comparados os índices de equilíbrio traseiro (PL) e frontal (AT), a avaliação funcional do movimento (FMS) e a causa das lesões no tornozelo (CAI) antes e após a intervenção. Resultados: Após o treinamento, a pontuação PL do grupo experimental aumentou de 106,81±5.33 para 117,69±6.44; a pontuação AT aumentou de 61.94±6.17 para 70,36±5,37; a pontuação CAI aumentou de 22,33±3,58 para 25,38±3,18. A pontuação total do teste FMS aumentou de 15,36±1,38 para 18,84±1,99, destacando-se as flexões do tronco (de 2,10±0,43 para 2,57±0,37). Por outro lado, as alterações do grupo controle não foram estatisticamente significativas. Conclusão: O treinamento complementar para o tornozelo apresentado mostrou-se eficaz na prevenção de lesões em jogadores de futebol e pode ser aplicado para reduzir as complicações esportivas dos jogadores em treinamento. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.
RESUMEN Introducción: Las razones más significativas de las frecuentes lesiones de tobillo en futbolistas son la gran rivalidad y los múltiples esfuerzos que requiere este deporte. Objetivo: Explorar el panorama actual de las lesiones deportivas en la articulación del tobillo en futbolistas, planteando estrategias de prevención adecuadas. Métodos: Un total de 22 futbolistas profesionales fueron divididos aleatoriamente en grupos experimental y control. Se desarrolló un experimento controlado de 6 semanas de duración. En el entrenamiento diario, el grupo experimental añadió un entrenamiento complementario del tobillo, mientras que el grupo control no tuvo cambios, según el plan de entrenamiento habitual. Se recogieron, analizaron y compararon los índices de equilibrio posterior (PL) y frontal (AT), la valoración del movimiento funcional (FMS) y la causa de lesión de tobillo (CAI) antes y después de la intervención. Resultados: Tras el entrenamiento, la puntuación PL del grupo experimental aumentó de 106,81±5,33 a 117,69±6,44; la puntuación AT aumentó de 61,94±6,17 a 70,36±5,37; la puntuación CAI aumentó de 22,33±3,58 a 25,38±3,18. La puntuación total del test FMS aumentó de 15,36±1,38 a 18,84±1,99, destacando las flexiones de tronco (de 2,10±0,43 a 2,57±0,37). Por otro lado, los cambios del grupo de control no fueron estadísticamente significativos. Conclusión: El entrenamiento complementario de tobillo presentado demostró ser eficaz en la prevención de lesiones en futbolistas y puede aplicarse para reducir las complicaciones deportivas en jugadores en formación. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.
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Objective:To explore the image quality and its evaluation method using virtual grid under different tube voltages in the clinical chest X-ray exam.Methods:According to the conditions of chest X-ray photography commonly used in clinical practice, the corresponding thickness of plexiglass (20 cm, including CDRAD phantom) was determined as the experimental object. With a fixed tube loading of 4 mAs and the tube voltage from 60 to 125 kV, the experimental object was imaged in three ways: physical grid, none grid and virtual grid. The common physical parameters (CNR, σ, C, SNR), texture analysis (Angular second moment, texture Contrast, Correlation, Inverse difference moment, Entropy) and CDRAD phantom score (IQF inv) were evaluated. Two-way ANOVA test was used for each group of common physical parameters, and further pairwise comparisons were made. At the same time, applying virtual grids on the obtained images with chest anthropomorphic model and texture indexing the images with and without virtual grids, then rank sum test of paired sample can be conducted. Results:There were differences in image quality among the three groups of grid mode( P<0.05), and the physical grid delivered the best image quality. The tube voltage had an impact on all image quality evaluation indexes ( P<0.05). The tube voltage was positively correlated with CNR, SNR, angular second moment, inverse difference moment and IQF inv ( P<0.05), and negatively correlated with σ, C, texture contrast and entropy ( P<0.05). There was no significant correlation between the tube voltage and Correlation ( P>0.05). The chest anthropomorphic model images were used to evaluate the virtual grids, and the texture indexes (Angle second moment, Contrast, Correlation, Inverse difference moment, Entropy) were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusions:The virtual grid can improve the image quality of chest X-ray photography, and the image texture analysis method can be a useful supplement to the image quality evaluation parameters.
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Objective:To investigate the characteristics of implicit memory and its related factors in schizophrenic patients with negative and positive symptoms.Methods:Ninety-three schizophrenic patients (including 52 cases of negative symptoms group and 41 cases of positive symptoms group) and 30 normal controls (normal group) were tested with the method of Chinese character word completion method. The reaction time and correct rate were recorded and compared with analysis of variance and t-test, and the correlation with demographic factors was analyzed with Pearson correlation analysis. Results:Accuracy of implicit memory test in schizophrenia group: there were statistically significant differences in the accuracy of patients with different course of disease (≤5 years: (38±5)%, 5-15 years: (34±8)%, ≥15 years: (34±7)%, P<0.05).The differences were statistically significant in the accuracy of patients with different education levels(primary school: (35±6)%, junior and senior high school: (34±7)%, secondary college education and above: (39±5)%, P<0.05).The accuracy of patients with education years < 10 years ((34±7)%) was significantly lower than those with education years ≥10 years ((37±6)%, P<0.05).Reaction time results of implicit memory test in schizophrenia group : there were significant differences in reaction time of patients with different disease course(≤5 years: (3 248±971)ms, 5-15 years: (3 515±672)ms, ≥15 years: (3 925±842)ms, P<0.05).The differences were statistically significant in the reaction time of workers ((3 495±712)ms), farmers ((3 870±878)ms) and soldiers ((3 024±924)ms, P<0.05).The reaction time of patients with clozapine ((3 869±871)ms) was significantly higher than that of patients with olanzapine ((3 393±626)ms, P<0.05).Intergroup results of accuracy: the accuracy of normal control group ((40±5)%) was significantly higher than that of negative symptom group ((33±7)%, P<0.01).The accuracy of negative symptom group was significantly lower than that of positive symptom group ((37±6)%, P<0.01).Intergroup reaction time results: the reaction time of normal control group ((2 660±667)ms) was significantly lower than that of negative symptom group ((3 678±951)ms, P<0.01) and positive symptom group ((3 072±865)ms, P<0.05).The reaction time of negative symptom group ((3 678±951)ms)was significantly higher than that of positive symptom group( P<0.01).There was significant negative correlation between the accuracy of implicit memory and the course of disease in schizophrenia ( r=-0.22, P<0.05). Conclusion:The implicit memory of schizophrenic patients is related to the course of disease, taking drugs, and occupation.There may have differences in implicit memory between patients with negative and positive symptoms of schizophrenia.
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Objective:To explore the clinical value of serum IgE detection in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).Methods:From January 2018 to June 2019, 62 SLE patients in Rizhao Central Hospital were selected as the observation group, 30 healthy volunteers were selected in the control group, and 30 patients with allergic diseases were selected in the allergic diseases group.The difference of IgE level among the observation group, the healthy control group and the allergic disease group was detected and compared.The difference of IgE level between active and remission SLE patients was compared.The complement C3, C4 and anti ds-DNA in active and remission SLE patients and healthy controls were detected and compared.The correlation between the level of IgE and the disease activity of SLE was analyzed.Results:The levels of IgE were (126.5±51.6)kU/L, (31.2±9.9)kU/L, (316.5±152.6)kU/L in the observation group, control group and the allergic disease group, respectively, the difference was statistically significant ( F=91.263, P<0.05). The level of IgE in the allergic disease group was the highest, which was significantly higher than that in observation group and healthy control group; and the IgE level of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group, the differences were statistically significant ( t=14.375, 18.593, 7.210, all P<0.05). The level of IgE in active SLE patients was (201.65±75.5)kU/L, which was significantly higher than that in remission SLE patients [(35.6±13.5)kU/L], the difference was statistically significant ( t=12.241, P<0.05). The C3 and C4 levels in active SLE patients were (0.55±0.20)g/L and (0.13±0.04)g/L, respectively, which were significantly lower than those in the remission SLE patients [(0.86±0.35)g/L, (0.28±0.10)g/L] and the control group [(0.92±0.39)g/L, (0.30±0.12)g/L], and the percentage of anti ds-DNA antibody [(36.97±12.52)%] was significantly higher than that of SLE patients and control group, the differences were statistically significant ( F=11.303, 29.993, 197.902, all P<0.05). The C3, C4 and anti ds-DNA between the remission SLE patients and the control group had no statistically significant differences (all P>0.05). The IgE level was positively correlated with SLEDAI score and anti ds-DNA ( r=0.842, 0.823, all P<0.05). IgE level was negatively correlated with C3 and C4 levels ( r=-0.798, -0.807, all P<0.05). Conclusion:The level of IgE in SLE patients is higher than that in allergic patients.The level of IgE is related to disease activity.
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Objective To investigate the difference of Alzheimer-associated neuronal thread protein ( AD7c-NTP) level and related factors among different symptom types of schizophrenia. Methods The con-centrations of AD7c-NTP in urine of 30 patients with positive symptoms,46 patients with negative symptoms and 24 controls were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay( ELISA) . Positive and negative symp-tom scale ( PANSS) was used to assess schizophrenia patients. The correlation analysis was conducted be-tween the urine AD7c-NTP and demographic factors. Results The level of AD7c-NTP in urine of patients with negative symptoms((0. 88±0. 93) ng /ml)was higher than that in the patients with positive symptoms ((0. 50±0. 22)ng/ml,P<0. 05). The level of AD7c-NTP of in urine female patients((1. 16±1. 12)ng/ml) was higher than that in the male patients((0. 57± 0. 49)ng/ml,P<0. 01). AD7c-NTP levels in patients with a course of disease of more than 100 months((0. 96±0. 96)ng/ml) were higher than those in patients with a course of disease of less than 100 months((0. 60±0. 59)ng/ml,P<0. 05). The level of AD7c-NTP in pa-tients over 35 years old((0. 94±0. 96)ng/ml) were higher than that in patients under 35 years old((0. 62±0. 62)ng/ml,P<0. 05). The level of AD7c-NTP in patients with MMSE score of 0-22 points((0. 92±0. 80) ng/ml) were higher than that in patients with score of 23-29 points((0. 62±0. 74)ng/ml,P<0. 05). Before admission(at least 2 months),the level of AD7c-NTP in patients without persisting in taking drugs((0. 99± 0.95)ng/ml) was higher than that in patients with persisting in taking drugs((0. 62±0. 65)ng/ml,P<0. 05). The level of AD7c-NTP in schizophrenic patients was positively correlated with age and course of dis-ease( r=0. 29,0. 26,P<0. 05) ,and negatively correlated with smoking history and mini-mental state exami-nation( MMSE) ( r=-0. 13,-2. 41,P<0. 05) . Conclusion There is a difference in AD7c-NTP levels be-tween patients with positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Gender,age,course of disease and anti-psychotics are important factors that affect AD7c-NTP levels in patients with schizophrenia.
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Objective To explore the spatio-temporal epidemic trends and related driving effects of meteorological factors on brucellosis in Datong city,Shanxi province,from 2005 to 2015.Methods We collected the surveillance data on brucellosis and related meteorological data in Datong city from 2005 to 2015,to describe the epidemic characteristics of the disease.Quasi-Poisson distribution lag non-liner model (DLNM) was built to explore the driving effect of monthly meteorological data on the disease.Results From 2005 to 2015,Datong city reported a total of 17 311 cases of brucellosis including one death,with the annual average incidence as 47.43 per 100 000 persons.A rising trend was seen during the study period.The monthly incidence of Brucellosis presented an obvious curve with a major peak from March to June,accounted for 48.40％ of the total cases.The high incidence areas in the city gradually expanded from the northeast and southeast to the western areas.Results fiom the DLNM studies suggested that seasonality of brucellosis in Datong was significantly affected by metrological factors such as evaporation,rainfall and temperature.The peak of delayed effect appeared the highest when the monthly cumulative evaporation capacity was 140-260 mm and the monthly cumulative rainfall was 20-60 mm with lag less than 1 month or the monthly temperature was-13 ℃ with lag of 4-5 months.Conclusions The incidence of human brucellosis in Datong city increased significantly from 2005 to 2015.Meteorological factors such as evaporation,rainfall,temperature all showed significant driving effects on the disease.
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Objective To explore the spatio-temporal epidemic trends and related driving effects of meteorological factors on brucellosis in Datong city,Shanxi province,from 2005 to 2015.Methods We collected the surveillance data on brucellosis and related meteorological data in Datong city from 2005 to 2015,to describe the epidemic characteristics of the disease.Quasi-Poisson distribution lag non-liner model (DLNM) was built to explore the driving effect of monthly meteorological data on the disease.Results From 2005 to 2015,Datong city reported a total of 17 311 cases of brucellosis including one death,with the annual average incidence as 47.43 per 100 000 persons.A rising trend was seen during the study period.The monthly incidence of Brucellosis presented an obvious curve with a major peak from March to June,accounted for 48.40％ of the total cases.The high incidence areas in the city gradually expanded from the northeast and southeast to the western areas.Results fiom the DLNM studies suggested that seasonality of brucellosis in Datong was significantly affected by metrological factors such as evaporation,rainfall and temperature.The peak of delayed effect appeared the highest when the monthly cumulative evaporation capacity was 140-260 mm and the monthly cumulative rainfall was 20-60 mm with lag less than 1 month or the monthly temperature was-13 ℃ with lag of 4-5 months.Conclusions The incidence of human brucellosis in Datong city increased significantly from 2005 to 2015.Meteorological factors such as evaporation,rainfall,temperature all showed significant driving effects on the disease.
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OBJECTIVE To analyze impulsive-like behaviors of SD rats induced by pramipexole in Y-maze avoidance tasks. METHODS Behaviors of SD rats in Y-maze avoidance tasks were recorded with a camera and analyzed by Noldus Etho Vision XT8 software after acute subcutaneous injection of pramipexole(0.1,1 and 10 mg · kg-1),including right reaction numbers of 20 consecutive avoidance tasks,shuttle number of times between the three arms of Y-maze, distance covered in Y-maze and time spent in safe arms during 20 consecutive avoidance tasks. Then,the prepulse inhibition(PPI)of the startle reflex test was used to assess the effect of pramipexole on sensorimotor gating (SG). Effects of pramipexole on the dialyzed content of monoamine neurotransmitter and its metabolites in the striatum and amygdala of SD rats were measured by microdialysis in vivo. RESULTS Compared with normal control group,the rats of pramipexole group showed a significant increase in the shuttle number of times and distance covered in Y-maze between Y-maze avoidance tasks(P<0.01),but a statistically significant decrease in the time spent in safe arms(P<0.01),while the number of right reactions in Y-maze avoidance tasks was not changed. Such premature responses were quite similar to certain impulsive-compulsive behaviors in rodent models,such as five-choice serial reaction time tasks. In the PPI test,pramipexole displayed an impairing effect on SG(P<0.01). The microdialysis results showed that there was an increase of dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine in the striatum of pramipexole group, but not statistically significant. Monoamine neurotransmitters and their metabolites were not significantly changed in the amygdala. CONCLUSION Pramipexole can induce impulsive-compulsive behaviors in Y-maze avoidance tasks,which might be attributed to impaired SG.
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Objective To investigate the influence of tube voltage on image quality and radiation dosage to subjects in chest digital radiography (DR).Methods An adult chest phantom was exposed in the range of 80-130 kV with the interval of 10 kV and the automatic exposure control (AEC) setting was selected from-4 to 4.The entrance skin dose (ESD) of the phantom was measured,and the relative noise,contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and the effective dose of each exposure was calculated.Results The ESD was (0.062 9 ±0.027 4) mGy,and the effective dose was (0.012 7 ±0.004 5) mSv.The effective dose increased linearly with the ESD,and there was a positive correlation (r =0.912,P ＜ 0.01).When the tube voltage was held constant,the relative noise decreased as the effective dose increased (r =-0.967,-0.969,-0.968,-0.969,-0.968,-0.970,P ＜ 0.01).The CNR increased with the effective dose increasing under the same tube voltage(r =0.987,0.987,0.986,0.987,0.988,0.989,P ＜0.01).The ESD and effective dose decreased as the kV values increased under the same AEC,and the degree of decrease could be up to 50％ and 20％.The relative noise decreased as the kV values increased under the same AEC,and the degree of decrease could be up to 23％.The CNR values increased up to 8％.Conclusions The use of higher kVp in chest digital radiography can reduce the radiation dose to some extent
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ObjectiveTo explore the change of the event related potential brain topographic map on depression' mental rotation,and to perfect the brain function relation map for depression in space ability.Methods 32 depression and 29 normal healthy people were tested to make mental rotation tasks in the brain ERP system.The distribution of the changing brain topographic map were observed.Results ( 1 ) Compared with the control group ( error rate ( 29±9 ) ％,response time ( 604.74 ± 54.39 ) ms,the error rate was significantly higher and response time was significantly longer in depression (error rate( 33 ± 15 )％,response time(755.22 ± 70.18 )ms,P＜0.05).(2) Compared with the control group (N100:PZ( -3.78 ± 1.05)μV,CZ( -5.67 ±2.21)μV,P3( -2.34 ±0.59) μV,P4( -2.92 ±0.80) μV ;P500:PZ(7.35 ±2.61 ) μV,CZ(7.65 ± 2.42) μV,P3 (6.53 ±2.11 ) μV,P4 ( 7.29 ± 2.57 ) μV ),the total volatility was significantly lower in depression ( N 100:PZ ( - 0.31 ±0.09)μV,CZ( -2.27 ±0.57)μV,P3( -0.30 ±0.07) μV,P4( -0.33 ±0.08) μV;P500:PZ(6.04 ±2.16)μV,CZ ( 5.92 ± 2.01 ) μV,P3 ( 6.02 ± 2.11 ) μV,P4 (6.01 ± 2.34 ) μV,P ＜ 0.05 ) and the excitability difference of the left and right parietal-occipital lobe was disappeared (P＞0.05) ; Compared with the control group,in N100 the normal and mirror excitability was significantly lower,and in P500 the normal excitability was significantly lower,but mirror was significantly higher in depression (P ＜ 0.05 ).Compared with the left and right brain,the normal excitability in the right parietal-occipital lobe was significant higher (P ＜ 0.05 ),but the mirror excitement difference was disappeared in depression (P＞ 0.05 ),and the normal and mirror excitement in the right parietal-occipital lobe was both significantly higher in normal healthy people (P ＜ 0.05 ).ConclusionDepressed patients; mental rotation ability is impaired.And the negative potential for looking forward to reaction is lower and exist the right advantage hemisphere brain in normal,but mirror advantage hemisphere disappears in depressed patients.This study suggests the brain topographic map of mental rotation ability damaged can be used as the clinical auxiliary diagnosis index.
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Objective To explore the brain electrophysiological mechanism of object rotation in first-episode schizophrenia.Methods 30 patients with schizophrenia and 28 normal healthy people,who were from the Center for Mental Disease Control and Prevention,Third Hospital of PLA,took part in the mental rotation tasks,then the incubation period and amplitude of P500,and the wrong number and reaction time were measured.Results Compared with control group ( normal:(494.16 ± 34.68 ) ms,( 9.56 ± 2.54) μV; mirror:(496.51 ± 33.10 ) ms,(6.38 ± 2.41 ) μV),schizophrenia' incubation periods were significantly delayed ( normal:( 571.30 ± 51.21 ) ms;mirror:(573.41 ±39.27) ms) and volatility were significantly lower ( normal:(4.26 ± 1.01 ) μV; mirror:(3.61± 1.21 )μV) in normal and mirror rotation (P＜0.05 ).The mirror-normal differences were not significant on the incubation periods of two groups (P ＞ 0.05 ) ; the mirror-normal image differences were not significant on the patient group' volatility (P ＞ 0.05 ) ; the normal volatility was significantly higher than mirror in the control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Schizophrenia'mental rotation ability is impaired,and mirror-normal differences on mental rotation are disappeared.It can be used as an early-stage clinical auxiliary diagnosis index.
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Objective:To examine the effects of psychological and physiological stress on hippocampal extracellular monoamine content under simulated high-altitude hypobaric hypoxia.Methods:The male SD rats were randomly divided into ten groups:control(Con group), hypoxia(Hy group), psychological stress(twice/day)(Ps1group), psychological stress(twice/day?2day)(Ps2 group), psychological stress(twice/day) + hypoxia(Ps1+Hy group), psychological stress(twice/day? 2day) +hypoxia(Ps2+Hy group), physiological stress(twice/day)(Ph1group), physiological stress(twice/day?2day)(Ph2 group), physiological stress(twice/day) + hypoxia(Ph1+Hy group), physiological stress(twice/day?2day) + hypoxia(Ph2+Hy group).The contents of norepinephrine(NE), dopamine(DA) and 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT) in extracellular fluid of hippocampus collected by push-pull perfusion were determined by high performance liquid chromatography with electrichemical detection(HPLC-ECD).Results:①Compared with the Con group, the content of NE was significantly lower in Hy, Ps1+Hy and Ph2+Hy groups(P
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BACKGROUND:During the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS),certain people had been isolated by various reasons and appeared a series of psychological, physical and behavioral reactions. OBJECTIVE:To understand the different defensive features in people with different level of mental health in the isolated population, and explore the relationship between defensive style and mental health. DESIGN:An in investigative study taking the isolated population during outbreak of SARS as the subjects. SETTING:A psychiatric department of a military hospital. PARTICIPANTS:Totally 187 people of different sex,age and education, who were isolated during April and May 2003 due to SARS outbreak in a city of northwest China,were selected as the subjects. INTERVENTIONS:The 187 subjects,who were isolated due to SARS outbreak,were evaluated by using the symptom checklist(SCL 90) and defense style questionnaire(DSQ). RESULTS:About 36.4% people of this population had distinct mental or physical health problems that were characterized by anxiety,horror,depression,hostility and compulsion.There was difference in defensive styles between the high symptom group and low symptom group,among which the score of DSQ factors in the immature type of high and low symptom groups were 5.72± 1.56 and 4.35± 0.96 respectively while the scores in the intermediate type defense were 4.98± 1.44 and 3.72± 0.89 respectively(P< 0.01).Mental health problem was positively correlated with the application of immature defensive style,but had negative correlation with application of mature defensive means. CONCLUSION:There is difference in the defensive styles among the isolated people with different mental health status,and their defensive strategies are closely related to the mental health.
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Objective:To examine the effect of psychological and physiological stress on monoamine in extracellular fluid of hippocampus under simulated high-altitude hypobaric hypoxia.Methods:Psychological and physiological stress were made by the way of communication box.The hypoxia disposal was that the rats were put hypobaric chamber at a simulated altitude of 6000 meters for 24 hours.We compared the effect of stress in different sorts and intensity on the contents of norepinephrine(NE),dopamine(DA),5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT)in extracellular fluid of hippocampus.The extracellular fluid of hippocampus of rat was collected by push-pull perfusion;we determined the contents of monoamine in it by high performance liquid chromatography with electrichemical detection(HPLC-ECD).Results:(1)The simulated high-altitude hypobaric hypoxia reduced the content of NE in extracellular fluid of hippocampus(813.8?196.1/1209.2?282.0,P
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Objective: To study the changes of serum interleukin levels and immune function of rats under stress. Method: 18 male rats were randomly divided into two groups, stress group (10) received "psychosocial"stress and their serum were taken after 1 hour; control group (8). Serum interleukin 2, 6, 8 and cortisol levels of all subjects were determined. Results: Compared with control group, the level of serum cortisol increased after stress (6.51?2.5/3.76?0.4 (ug/dl, t=3.45, P
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Objective: To study NOS activities in serum of rats under different stresses. Methods: Two models of stress were made in rats, one is the conventional forced swimming model (including 12 rats), and the other is a social defeated paradigm (including 12 rats). The activities of NOS of rats under each model and of one control group (10 rats) were measured. Results: Compared with control, the NOS activity under social defeated paradigm was lower (15.36?1.74/17.11?1.67 U/ml, t=2.32, P
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Objective: To study the change of cyclic nucleotide in brain of rats induced by acute stress Method: The concentration of cAMP and cGMP in frontal lob, hippcampus, midbrain and hypothalamus were measured in 1 and 3 hours after stress respectively Results:The concentration of cGMP in hippcampus and hypothalamus were significantly higher than that of control group at 1 hour after stress (P
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Objective: To study the change of NO (nitric oxide) and NOS (nitric oxide synthase) in brain of rats induced by acute stress Method: The concentration of NO and NOS in frontal lob, hippcampus, midbrain and hypothalamus were measured in 1 and 3 hours after stress respectively Results: The concentration of NO and NOS in hippcampus and hypothalamus were significantly higher than that of control group at 1 hour after stress (P